New research published in JAMA Pediatrics indicates a significant association between fluoride exposure and reduced IQ levels in children. An analysis of 74 studies highlighted that increased fluoride in urine correlates with lower IQ scores, raising concerns about fluoridation practices in the U.S. Although the data predominantly sourced from international studies, the findings have garnered attention from public health officials and dental professionals. Despite fluoride's proven dental benefits, calls for further investigation into potential neurotoxicity have intensified. Ongoing discussions emphasize the need for balanced risk assessments surrounding fluoride use in public water supply.