The U.S. and Canada are enhancing military capabilities and infrastructure in the Arctic due to increasing cooperation between China and Russia. The U.S. sees potential security threats from joint Chinese-Russian military operations, prompting increased military exercises with allies. Meanwhile, Canada announces a new Arctic foreign policy, seeking to strengthen its military presence and engage in boundary negotiations with the U.S. and Denmark. Both nations recognize the Arctic's strategic importance as climate change opens new opportunities for resource exploration and shipping, driving a shift from cooperation to competition.