The U.S. government has introduced stringent export regulations on advanced AI chips, imposing caps for 120 countries and allowing unrestricted access for 18 allied nations. The rules aim to protect national security while ensuring technological leadership for the U.S., especially with rising AI capabilities globally. Though institutions in restricted countries can apply for special licenses to purchase advanced GPUs, many industry leaders express concern over potential stifling of innovation and competition. The framework includes a 120-day comment period, allowing the incoming Trump administration to influence the new regulations.