In a historic military offensive, insurgents led by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham have regained substantial control of Aleppo, Syria's second-largest city, from government forces. This marks the first major rebel incursion since 2016, resulting in civilian casualties and unrest. Russian forces retaliated with airstrikes in response to the unexpected advancement of the insurgents. The coalition of rebel groups declared a curfew in the city to maintain order. Observers express concern that this escalation could destabilize the region further due to ongoing conflicts in Lebanon and Gaza.